(3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
Atropine
CAS: 51-55-8
Molecular Formula: C17H23NO3
(3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Atropine |
| Synonyms | ATROPINE Atropine atropine usp DL-Hyoscyamine Atropine solution atropine methanol solution atropine free base crystalline Benzeneaceticacid, α-(hydroxymethyl)-(3-endo)- (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate beta-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester endo-(±)-α-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester (±)-α-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid (1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3α-yl ester Hyoscyamine, Tropine tropate, endo-(±)-α-(Hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester |
| CAS | 51-55-8 |
| EINECS | 200-104-8 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C17H23NO3/c1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15+,16? |
| InChIKey | RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N |
(3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C17H23NO3 |
| Molar Mass | 289.37 |
| Density | 1.0470 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 115-118°C |
| Boling Point | 431.53°C (rough estimate) |
| Flash Point | 2℃ |
| Water Solubility | 1.6g/L(18 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: 2mg/mL |
| Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | powder |
| Color | white |
| Merck | 14,875 |
| BRN | 91260 |
| pKa | 9.7(at 21℃) |
| Storage Condition | -20°C |
| Sensitive | Light Sensitive |
| Refractive Index | 1.5200 (estimate) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | This product is racemic, its left-handed body is hyoscyamine. White crystals or powder, anhydrous melting point of 195-196 °c. Soluble in water, alcohol. Its aqueous solution is a neutral reaction. Is an anticholinergic that blocks the M-choline receptor. |
| Use | For the rescue of septic shock, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, relieve visceral colic, medication before anesthesia and reduce bronchial mucus secretion; Also used in Ophthalmology to make mydriasis or keratitis, iridocyclitis treatment. |
(3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R26/28 - Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36 - Irritating to the eyes R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. |
| UN IDs | 1544 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | CK0700000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8-10-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29399900 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 750 mg/kg (Cahen, Tvede) |
(3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Furan |
(3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| overview | atropine is an alkaloid extracted from Solanaceae plants such as Atropa bell-adonna, Datura stramonium or Hyosc-yamus niger. Naturally occurring is the unstable levoclosamine (L-hyoscyamine) after chemical treatment to obtain a stable racemate, namely atropine. It can also be chemically synthesized, and its sulfate is often used. White crystalline powder, odorless, bitter taste, soluble in water and alcohol. In case of alkaline drugs, it can cause decomposition. Atropine can block M-choline receptors, thereby antagonizing the M-like effect of acetylcholine or its mimetic drugs (muscarinic effect). The main functions are as follows: (1) Relaxation of smooth muscle: This product has the effect of relaxing many visceral smooth muscle, and has obvious relaxation effect on smooth muscle that is excessively active or in spasm, while it has less effect on smooth muscle that is normally active. (2) Inhibition of glandular secretion: Inhibition of glandular secretion by blocking M-choline receptors. The inhibitory effect on salivary glands and sweat glands is the most obvious. It can also greatly reduce the secretion of lacrimal glands and respiratory glands, but has less effect on gastric acid secretion. (3) effect on eyes: atropine shows mydriasis, increase intraocular pressure and regulate paralysis by blocking the M-choline receptor of pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle. All three effects have important clinical significance. (4) cardiovascular effect: a larger dose (1~2mg) of atropine can relieve the inhibition of vagus nerve on the heart, thus accelerating the heart rate. Large doses can dilate the skin and visceral blood vessels and relieve arteriolar spasm. The mechanism of dilating blood vessels and relieving small vasospasm is unknown. (5) Excitement of central nervous system: dysphoria, hyperbolic and delirium occur in large doses. Poisoning dose (more than 10mg) can produce hallucinations, disorientation, involuntary movement and convulsions. |
| pharmacokinetics | after oral administration, it is quickly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and quickly distributed to systemic tissues, and can also enter the fetal circulation through the placenta. Clinical studies have shown that after intramuscular injection of 2mg, 85 ~ 88% is excreted in urine within 24 hours. About 5% of them appear in their original form and 33% are their metabolites. Only a small amount is excreted in feces and other secretions. |
| usage | atropine is mainly used for colic caused by visceral smooth muscle spasm (to relieve gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm is better),0.3mg orally or 0.5mg subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection; iridocyclitis: 0.5 ~ 1% droplet eyes; Administration before general anesthesia to reduce respiratory tract and saliva secretion, 0.5mg subcutaneous injection; Ass syndrome caused by antimony poisoning: 2mg intravenous injection and 1~2mg subcutaneous injection, then 1mg intravenous injection every half an hour, and 1mg intramuscularly injection every 2~4 hours after the condition improves until the heart rate reaches 100 times per minute and rhythmic heart rhythm is restored; atrioventricular block: 0.5~1mg intravenous injection, once every 4~6 hours; toxic shock caused by infection: on the premise of supplementing blood volume, 1~2mg is diluted with glucose solution and then injected intravenously, once every 10~20 minutes; organophosphate poisoning: 0.5~1mg intramuscular injection for mild poisoning, 3 times a day; 1~2mg intramuscular injection or intravenous injection for moderate poisoning, once every 0.5~2 hours; 1~3mg for severe poisoning, once intravenously or intramuscularly injection every 15~30 minutes. Atropine is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma and tendency to increase intraocular pressure, gastric pyloric obstruction, and prostatic hypertrophy. |
| side effects | side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, palpitations, dry skin and constipation. High-dose poisoning changes from excitement to inhibition, resulting in coma and respiratory paralysis and death. |
| use | clinically as an antispasmodic drug and as a reagent for gold verification. Atropine is a parasympathetic nerve inhibitor, which can be used as a pupil dilator and laxative in ophthalmology; it can relieve hay fever, cold nasal obstruction and intestinal spasm; it can be used to treat nocturia in children, and sometimes used to relieve ureters And biliary spasm; it can also be used to treat poisoning caused by organophosphorus. As an anticholinergic drug, the various pharmacological effects of atropine are not conducive to its clinical application. Some substitutes with specific functions have been synthesized one after another, such as Houmato as a pupil dilator. Atropine is highly toxic. When the dose is too large, it can cause blurred vision, secretory closure, vasodilation, high fever, excitement, excitement and delirium. It is an antagonist of morphine, pilocarpine, physostigmine, etc. |
| Production method | It can be extracted from the roots of scopolamine of the Solanaceae East scopolamine or scopolamine of the Himalayas, and can also be synthesized. Belladonna leaves are extracted from scopolamine (L-body), and then refined by racemization and recrystallization. |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 500 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 75 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammability; Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxide smoke; Side effects of patient medication; Visual changes; Pupil dilation, muscle weakness |
| storage and transportation characteristics | ventilation and low temperature drying; separate from warehouse food raw materials |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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Raw Materials for (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate